Purpose - The purpose of this paper Handlebars is to present an overview of the flash crash, and explain why and how it happened.Design/methodology/approach - The author summarizes several studies suggesting various perspectives on the flash crash and its causes.Furthermore, the author highlights recently proposed and introduced improvements and re

Recognition plays a key role in the social lives of gregarious species, enabling animals to distinguish among social partners and tailor their behaviour accordingly.As domesticated animals regularly interact with humans, as well as members of their own species, we might expect mechanisms used to discriminate between conspecifics to also apply to hu

ABSTRACTEnteric bacterial infections contribute substantially to global disease burden and mortality, particularly in the developing world.In vitro 2D monolayer cultures have provided critical insights into the fundamental virulence mechanisms of a multitude of pathogens, including Salmonella enterica serovars Typhimurium and Typhi, Vibrio cholerae

Previous studies investigating altruistic punishment have confounded the effects of two Coats independent variables: information transmission (or breach of privacy) and personal identification (or breach of anonymity).Here we report findings from a brief study in which participants were asked to respond to a social norm violation (i.e., an anonymou

Remote sensing is useful for quantifying water-quality parameters for managing inland water systems.However, the single water-quality retrieval model usually has poor applicability in large regions.To solve the issue of low retrieval accuracy of water-quality parameters in inland water, the study area herein is geographically divided into rural wat